Hallucinogen Addiction Treatment
Hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive substances that profoundly influence a person’s perception, thoughts, and emotions. These drugs often lead to hallucinations—vivid sensory experiences that appear real but are entirely created by the mind. They interfere with normal brain activity, particularly by disrupting the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is crucial in managing mood, perception, and cognitive functions.
Some individuals use hallucinogens recreationally to explore their mind or escape reality, while others may consume them for spiritual or religious purposes. However, ongoing use can result in psychological dependence or even addiction, where a person continues taking the drug despite adverse physical, mental, or social consequences.
At Evergreen Behavioral Health, we provide compassionate and comprehensive care for individuals struggling with hallucinogen addiction. Keep reading to learn more about these substances and how we approach their treatment.
Understanding Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens—also referred to as “psychedelic drugs”—are substances that alter how individuals perceive the world around them. They can cause users to see, hear, or feel things that aren’t real. These distortions can be so extreme that users struggle to interpret their environment accurately. This altered state is commonly known as “tripping.”
The experience of tripping varies widely. For some, it’s euphoric and mind-expanding. For others, it can be disorienting, frightening, and anxiety-inducing. Many people report feeling disconnected from their body and surroundings. While this detachment might seem thrilling, it also increases the risk of injuries, falls, or other dangerous situations due to a distorted sense of reality.
Hallucinogens can come from natural sources—such as specific plants and fungi—or be synthetically produced in laboratories. Regardless of their origin, all hallucinogens tend to:
- Disrupt sensory perception and distort reality
- Intensely alter emotional states, ranging from overwhelming joy to deep fear
- Induce hallucinations that affect sight, sound, thoughts, and feelings
- Impact cognition and self-awareness
Common Hallucinogens
Hallucinogenic substances come in many forms, but most fall into one of two primary categories: classic hallucinogens or dissociative drugs. Classic hallucinogens—also known as psychedelics—trigger vivid visual, auditory, and sensory hallucinations. Dissociatives, on the other hand, not only cause hallucinations but also create a profound sense of detachment from one’s body or environment.
Below are some of the most frequently used hallucinogenic substances:
- LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide): Often referred to as “Acid,” “Blotter,” “Window Pane,” or “Mellow Yellow,” LSD is among the most potent perception-altering substances. Derived from ergot, a fungus found on rye and other grains, LSD distorts perception and significantly affects mood. It is commonly taken as a liquid, capsule, or on blotter paper and can cause users to “see sounds” or “hear colors.” Though typically consumed in microgram doses, its effects can last up to 12 hours.
- Psilocybin: Found in over 180 species of mushrooms—often called “Magic Mushrooms,” “Shrooms,” or “Golden Tops”—psilocybin produces LSD-like effects. Users may eat the mushrooms raw, brew them in tea, or smoke them after drying. Psilocybin is naturally occurring and commonly used in spiritual or recreational settings for its ability to alter perception and consciousness.
- Mescaline: Sourced from the peyote cactus, mescaline induces hallucinations and changes in perception of time and space. The cactus buttons are typically dried and chewed or brewed into a drink. Lab-made versions of mescaline are also available. Street names include “Cactus,” “Mesc,” and “Peyoto.”
- DMT (Dimethyltryptamine): Naturally occurring in certain Amazonian plants and also produced synthetically, DMT is known for its intensely immersive, short-lived hallucinations. It can appear as a white crystalline powder or as colored powders and liquids. Referred to as “Dimitri,” DMT is usually smoked, snorted, or injected, and it can evoke powerful visions, time distortion, and out-of-body or near-death-like experiences.
- Ayahuasca: A traditional Amazonian brew combining plants that contain DMT, ayahuasca has long been used in indigenous healing and spiritual ceremonies. The psychoactive tea induces intense hallucinations and is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, paranoia, and anxiety.
- MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly): Though primarily considered a stimulant, MDMA also has hallucinogenic properties. It heightens sensory perception and alters mood, producing effects like emotional warmth, energy, and distorted sense of time. Typically taken as tablets or capsules, MDMA can also be snorted or consumed as a liquid. Side effects include nausea, muscle cramps, blurred vision, and excessive sweating.
- THC (Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol): The primary psychoactive compound in marijuana, THC can cause mild hallucinations, especially at high doses. Common effects include altered time perception, red eyes, dry mouth, impaired memory, and anxiety. In large amounts, THC may increase the risk of psychosis or schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals.
Other commonly used dissociative drugs include:
- Ketamine: Originally developed as a surgical anesthetic, ketamine has since become a drug of abuse, often obtained illegally—frequently from veterinary sources. The odorless and tasteless nature of ketamine has unfortunately led to its misuse as a “date rape drug.” Its effects include muscle paralysis, confusion, and disorientation. Long-term use is associated with memory impairment, reduced concentration, and an increased risk of developing mental health disorders such as major depressive disorder.
- PCP (Phencyclidine): Once used as an anesthetic, PCP is now solely known for its illicit use due to its severe psychological side effects. Also known as “angel dust,” PCP is typically smoked, snorted, swallowed, or injected. It induces powerful dissociative effects, including out-of-body experiences and intense hallucinations. PCP can also lead to extreme behavioral changes such as delusions, paranoia, aggression, and violent tendencies.
- DXM (Dextromethorphan): Commonly found in over-the-counter cough and cold medications, DXM becomes dangerous when consumed in high doses. The drug can be extracted from cough syrups and turned into powder or capsules for recreational use. DXM intoxication can cause hallucinations, detachment from reality, blurred vision, impaired coordination, slurred speech, dizziness, and erratic motor function. It may also lead to vomiting, paranoia, stomach pain, agitation, and confusion. Street names for DXM include “Robo,” “Skittles,” “Tussin,” “Dex,” “Drex,” “Candy,” “Vitamin D,” and “Velvet.”
- Salvia divinorum: This fast-acting plant-based hallucinogen is commonly used among teens and young adults. Often sold as seeds, dried leaves, or liquid extracts, salvia produces intense, short-lived hallucinations and feelings of dissociation. Users may experience visual distortions, altered sense of time and space, and sensory crossover—such as hearing colors or seeing sounds. Known on the street as “Magic Mint,” “Sally-D,” “Seer’s Sage,” “Purple Sticky,” and “Incense Special,” salvia divinorum is not federally classified as an illegal substance, though the DEA considers it a high-risk drug of concern due to its potent psychological effects.
Dangers of Hallucinogen Addiction
Addiction to hallucinogens can profoundly disrupt every aspect of a person’s life—compromising physical health, emotional stability, and social connections. Although these substances are often perceived as less addictive than other drugs, frequent or excessive use can still lead to psychological dependence and a cascade of harmful effects.
The dangers associated with hallucinogen addiction extend well beyond the immediate hallucinations. These drugs interfere with brain chemistry, impair critical thinking, and can inflict long-lasting damage in multiple areas of life. Below, we examine the physical, emotional, and social consequences of chronic hallucinogen use.
Physical Effects of Hallucinogen Addiction
Hallucinogens can cause a wide array of physical symptoms, ranging from short-term side effects to lasting health complications. One of the most serious risks is the unpredictability of hallucinations, which can result in dangerous behavior, accidents, or self-injury.
Dissociative hallucinogens such as PCP and ketamine may lead to numbness, dizziness, and loss of coordination—greatly increasing the likelihood of falls or injuries. Meanwhile, classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin can raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature, creating life-threatening risks for individuals with cardiovascular issues. In severe cases, users may experience seizures, dehydration, or dangerous interactions with other substances.
Long-term use can bring about persistent physical damage. For example, regular PCP consumption is associated with speech difficulties, memory loss, and muscle rigidity. Extended ketamine use can cause “ketamine bladder syndrome,” a painful condition that affects urinary function and can cause permanent bladder damage.
Another concerning effect is Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), where users experience recurring visual disturbances—like flashing lights or trailing images—even long after the drug has left their system. These lingering effects can compromise overall health, lower energy levels, and disrupt normal organ function, especially if the addiction remains untreated.
Mental and Emotional Impact of Hallucinogen Addiction
The psychological toll of hallucinogen addiction can be just as severe as the physical impact. These substances often disrupt serotonin levels and other neurotransmitters, potentially leading to cognitive problems, memory gaps, and difficulty maintaining focus.
Many users face ongoing mood disturbances, including anxiety, paranoia, and depression. The unpredictable nature of hallucinogenic experiences means a single “bad trip” can provoke intense fear, panic attacks, and even suicidal thoughts. In some cases, prolonged use results in persistent psychosis, with users experiencing hallucinations or delusions well beyond the period of active drug use.
Emotional numbness and detachment—often described as depersonalization or dissociation—are also common. This state can leave individuals feeling disconnected from themselves and their environment, leading to a deep sense of isolation and despair.
For those with pre-existing mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, hallucinogens can dramatically worsen symptoms and increase the frequency of episodes. The combination of emotional instability and impaired decision-making can greatly affect a person’s ability to function in daily life.
How Hallucinogen Addiction Affects Social Life
The social impact of hallucinogen addiction can be wide-reaching and deeply painful. As the addiction takes hold, individuals often withdraw from social activities and distance themselves from family and friends. Shifts in perception, emotional volatility, and paranoia can make maintaining healthy relationships extremely difficult.
Work performance, academic responsibilities, and household duties often suffer as the addiction consumes more time and attention. This neglect can lead to job loss, failing grades, and growing financial struggles.
Poor judgment while under the influence may also result in risky or illegal behavior—such as unprotected sex, reckless driving, or criminal activity—leading to legal trouble and further damaging one’s reputation.
Over time, the erosion of trust and loss of social support can leave individuals feeling alienated and alone. This isolation often feeds the cycle of addiction, making recovery feel even more daunting and distant.
Signs of Hallucinogen Addiction
Identifying addiction to hallucinogens can be difficult due to the unpredictable and highly personal ways these substances affect individuals. Nevertheless, there are several consistent warning signs—physical, behavioral, and psychological—that may indicate a growing dependency.
While classic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin mushrooms typically do not cause physical withdrawal symptoms, dissociative hallucinogens such as PCP and ketamine are known to result in stronger patterns of dependency and addiction.
Physical Signs of Hallucinogen Addiction
Prolonged hallucinogen use can cause a range of physical symptoms—some that emerge during intoxication and others that may linger well after the drug’s effects have worn off. These symptoms can impact health, mobility, and overall daily functioning.
- Dilated pupils: A common and recognizable effect that may persist for hours after use.
- Elevated heart rate and blood pressure: These drugs often overstimulate the nervous system.
- Temperature dysregulation and sweating: Users may alternate between chills and overheating, sometimes leading to dehydration.
- Tremors or involuntary muscle movements: High doses can result in twitching or shaking.
- Poor coordination: Balance and motor skills are often impaired, increasing the risk of injury.
- Nausea and vomiting: Substances like peyote and psilocybin may upset the stomach.
- Seizures: In rare or extreme cases, especially with PCP, seizures may occur.
- Headaches and fatigue: Users often report post-use exhaustion or headaches.
- Persistent visual distortions (HPPD): Flashbacks, afterimages, or visual “trails” can continue long after drug use has stopped.
Behavioral Signs of Hallucinogen Addiction
Addiction frequently alters a person’s behavior, affecting how they interact with others, handle responsibilities, and approach daily life. Notable behavioral signs include:
- Isolation and secrecy: Users may pull away from loved ones or hide their drug use.
- Neglected duties: School, work, or personal obligations may fall by the wayside.
- Engaging in risky behavior: Poor judgment may lead to dangerous actions, like driving high or engaging in unprotected sex.
- Obsessive focus on drugs: Significant time may be devoted to obtaining, using, or recovering from drug use.
- Unpredictable behavior: Mood swings, strange speech patterns, or inappropriate laughter can become more common.
- Using multiple substances: Hallucinogen users may also turn to alcohol, marijuana, or stimulants.
- Financial difficulties: Excessive spending on drugs may lead to debt or frequent borrowing.
- Encounters with the law: Possession, public intoxication, or unsafe actions can result in criminal charges.
Psychological Signs of Hallucinogen Addiction
Since hallucinogens primarily affect the brain, prolonged use can lead to significant mental and emotional challenges. These include:
- Altered perception of reality: Individuals may struggle to distinguish hallucinations from actual events.
- Emotional turbulence: Users often experience rapid shifts from euphoria to anxiety or depression.
- Paranoia and delusional thoughts: Persistent fears or irrational beliefs can interfere with daily life.
- Flashbacks and HPPD: Visual disturbances may continue for weeks or months after use ends.
- Feelings of detachment: Some users report feeling separated from their body or surroundings.
- Cognitive decline: Long-term use, especially of PCP, can lead to memory problems and difficulty concentrating.
- Persistent anxiety or depression: Many users develop ongoing emotional distress, sometimes accompanied by panic attacks.
- Suicidal thoughts or self-harm: In severe cases—especially where mental illness coexists—hallucinogen use may lead to thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
How to Treat Hallucinogen Addiction
Overcoming an addiction to hallucinogens requires a holistic and individualized approach that combines medical support, psychological care, and meaningful life changes. Although hallucinogens typically don’t produce the same level of physical dependence as drugs like alcohol or opioids, they can still foster strong psychological addiction.
Effective treatment focuses on addressing emotional challenges, reshaping unhealthy behaviors, and managing any lasting mental health effects from drug use. With the right resources and commitment, lasting recovery is entirely achievable.
Detoxification
While physical withdrawal from hallucinogens is generally mild, individuals may still face emotional turbulence, including anxiety, depression, or lingering hallucinations during the early stages of recovery.
For those addicted to dissociative hallucinogens such as PCP or ketamine, a medically supervised detox may be recommended. These substances can lead to more intense withdrawal symptoms like confusion, restlessness, and cravings. In a clinical detox setting, healthcare professionals can monitor vital signs, manage symptoms, and administer medications to ease anxiety, agitation, or psychotic episodes, ensuring a safer and more comfortable transition into recovery.
At Evergreen Behavioral Health, we offer detox placement services tailored to each person’s unique needs, providing a secure and supportive environment at the start of their recovery journey.
Therapy and Counseling
Because the core of hallucinogen addiction is rooted in psychological and behavioral patterns, therapy plays a central role in treatment. A variety of evidence-based approaches are used to help individuals understand their addiction, develop coping strategies, and build a healthier lifestyle:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with drug use. By understanding personal triggers and learning alternative responses, people can reduce cravings and build resilience against relapse.
- Motivational Interviewing (MI): This therapeutic approach focuses on enhancing a person’s internal motivation to change. Through guided, supportive conversations, individuals are encouraged to explore their values and reasons for quitting, helping to cultivate long-term commitment.
- Family and Group Therapy: Since addiction often strains personal relationships, therapy can also involve loved ones. Family therapy works to repair communication and heal emotional rifts, while group therapy fosters a sense of community and shared experience, offering support, accountability, and encouragement.
- Individual Therapy: Offers a private space to work through trauma, mental health conditions, or emotional struggles that contribute to drug use.
Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment
Many individuals struggling with hallucinogen addiction also live with mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, PTSD, or schizophrenia. When these co-occurring conditions go untreated, the risk of relapse increases significantly.
Dual diagnosis treatment addresses both addiction and mental health challenges at the same time—often incorporating therapy, medication management, and holistic interventions. This comprehensive care model is vital for achieving long-term recovery and emotional stability.
Choosing Between Inpatient and Outpatient Rehab
The choice between inpatient and outpatient treatment depends on the severity of the addiction, the presence of co-occurring disorders, and personal circumstances:
- Inpatient Rehab: Provides round-the-clock care in a structured, residential setting. It is ideal for individuals with severe addiction, complex mental health needs, or a lack of stable support at home.
- Outpatient Rehab: Offers flexible treatment options that allow individuals to maintain work, school, or family responsibilities while attending scheduled therapy sessions. Best suited for those with mild to moderate addiction.
Support Groups and Peer Networks
Peer support is an invaluable part of recovery. It provides a sense of community, shared understanding, and accountability that can make all the difference.
- Narcotics Anonymous (NA): A widely available 12-step program based on mutual support and personal growth.
- Non-12-Step Alternatives: Programs like SMART Recovery and LifeRing offer science-based, secular approaches to recovery. These focus on self-empowerment, cognitive tools, and personal development without a spiritual component.
- The Power of Peer Support: Engaging with others who understand the challenges of addiction reduces feelings of isolation and offers practical tips, encouragement, and a shared sense of purpose.
Building a Healthy Lifestyle
Maintaining recovery goes beyond treatment—it involves making meaningful lifestyle changes that support physical and emotional well-being.
- Daily Structure: Having a consistent schedule promotes stability and helps manage stress.
- Exercise and Nutrition: Physical activity enhances mood, and a balanced diet aids in physical recovery.
- Stress Management: Techniques like mindfulness, meditation, or creative hobbies can serve as healthy emotional outlets.
- Avoiding Triggers: Recognizing and steering clear of environments or people that encourage drug use is essential.
Long-Term Recovery and Preventing Relapse
Sustaining recovery is a lifelong process that requires planning, commitment, and continued support. Building strong coping strategies and a safety net is key to long-term success.
- Coping Skills: Tools like deep breathing, mindfulness, and cognitive reframing help manage emotional challenges.
- Relapse Prevention Plans: Identifying high-risk situations and preparing a plan helps individuals respond effectively to potential setbacks.
- Support Systems: Staying connected to loved ones, peer groups, and mental health professionals provides encouragement, accountability, and hope.
Hallucinogen Addiction Treatment in Maine
If you or someone you care about is struggling with hallucinogen addiction, know that compassionate, professional help is available. Evergreen Behavioral Health offers flexible, outpatient programs at our office in Portland, Maine.
Our treatment center is open 24/7, and our programs are designed to support recovery while allowing clients to maintain work, school, and family obligations. We know that effective treatment must also be practical, which is why we focus on helping clients apply the tools and strategies learned in therapy to their everyday lives.
Call us at (888) 907-7290, email info@evergreenbh.com, or visit us in person at 707 Sable Oaks Drive in South Portland, ME (04106).
Don’t wait—your path to healing starts now.